Endometriosis is a condition in which cells usually found inside the uterus grow on the surface of the uterus or on other organs in the abdomen. This condition can be painful and often results in irregular bleeding or even infertility. Estimates of the percentage of women with endometriosis who will have difficulty conceiving run as high as 40%.⁵

It is estimated that up to 10% of all women have endometriosis, but it is difficult to be certain, since most cases are diagnosed through surgery to relieve abdominal pain.⁶

In endometriosis, the severity of pain is not linked to the severity of the condition. Some women have no pain, even though their disease affects large areas or has caused internal scarring. Other women experience severe pain, even though their endometriosis is confined to a few small areas.

Symptoms of endometriosis can include:

• Extremely painful menstrual cramps, which may grow even more painful with the progression of the endometriosis

• Chronic pain in the abdomen, lower back, and pelvis

• Pain during or after sex

• Intestinal pain

• Painful bowel movements or painful urination during menstrual periods

• Heavy menstrual periods

• Premenstrual spotting or bleeding between periods

• Inability to get pregnant⁸

Your doctor may diagnose endometriosis using:

• Ultrasound

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

• Endometrial biopsy (removing a small sample and sending it to a lab) ⁸

If you have symptoms of endometriosis, discuss appropriate treatment options with your doctor.

Your doctors and nurses are excellent sources of information. The questions listed below can help you initiate a conversation that could result in important information for you and your family.

Questions About Endometriosis

1. What is the cause of my endometriosis?

2. Is there a cure for endometriosis?

Questions About Treatment Options

1. What about hormonal therapy?

2. Are there surgical options other than hysterectomy?

3. What are the associated risks and benefits?

If you’re not satisfied with the responses you receive, consider asking for a second opinion. You are an integral part of your healthcare team and you should feel comfortable with your physician and the recommended treatment.

Find out how to start talking with your doctor about your symptoms.